The northern part of Cyprus is made up of several distinct landscapes. Its geography includes the Kyrenia mountain range along the coast, the flat Mesaoria plain, the foothills of the Troodos mountains in the west, and the long Karpas peninsula in the northeast.
The Kyrenia Mountain Range
A range of mountains, known as the Kyrenia or Beşparmak Mountains, extends along much of the northern coast. These limestone mountains rise quite suddenly from the sea, creating a distinct line between the coast and the inland plain. The slopes are covered with forests of pine and cypress trees, and in the spring, many types of wildflowers grow there. Trails through the mountains are used for hiking, and old castles, like St. Hilarion, are built on some of the high peaks, offering wide views of the coastline below.
The Mesaoria Plain
Between the Kyrenia mountains and the central part of the island lies the Mesaoria Plain, the largest flat area and the main center of agriculture. After the winter rains, the plain is covered in green fields of wheat and barley. In the summer, these fields turn golden-brown as the crops ripen. The area is also known for its olive and citrus groves, especially around the region of Güzelyurt in the west. This plain is the agricultural heart of the island.
The Troodos Foothills, Lefke and Morphou Region
In the western part of northern Cyprus, the landscape is shaped by the northern foothills of the Troodos Mountains. This area, especially around the town of Lefke (Lefka), has rolling hills and fertile valleys. Water flowing from the mountains makes the soil here very rich. The region is famous for its citrus groves, particularly oranges, as well as walnut trees. The landscape here is known for being especially green and productive.
The Karpas Peninsula
The Karpas Peninsula is the long strip of land that stretches out to the northeast. This part of the island is the least developed and has a more rugged character. It is known for its long, sandy beaches, like Golden Beach, and for its population of wild donkeys that roam the area. Much of the peninsula is a protected national park, which serves as an important habitat for wildlife. It is also a significant nesting ground for sea turtles, which lay their eggs on its quiet shores.